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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants01:23

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants

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Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...
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Cholinergic Receptors: Nicotinic01:15

Cholinergic Receptors: Nicotinic

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Nicotinic receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by acetylcholine and nicotine. Upon activation, they cause a rapid increase in the permeability of cells to K+, Na+, and Ca2+, followed by depolarization and excitation. They are in the autonomic ganglia, skeletal neuromuscular junction, CNS, and adrenal medulla.
There are two types of nicotinic receptors: neuromuscular (NM/NM/N1) and neuronal (NN/NN/N2). The two families differ based on their location and selectivity to...
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

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Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
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CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

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Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Blockers01:28

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Blockers

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Ganglionic blockers inhibit autonomic activity by blocking nicotinic receptors in the autonomic ganglia, suppressing impulse transmission. These blockers lack selectivity between sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia and are ineffective as neuromuscular junction antagonists. They can be categorized into two groups:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration
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Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration

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Nicotine and vascular dysfunction.

Anna K Whitehead1, Abigail P Erwin1, Xinping Yue1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.

Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)
|February 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Nicotine, found in cigarettes and e-cigs, harms cardiovascular health by causing vascular dysfunction and remodeling. Understanding nicotine

Keywords:
endothelial cellsnAChRnicotinevascular dysfunctionvascular smooth muscle cells

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Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration
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Local Application of Drugs to Study Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function in Mouse Brain Slices
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cigarette smoking is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
  • The role of nicotine in CVD development is not fully understood.
  • Electronic cigarette (e-cig) use has risen due to perceived safety, despite containing nicotine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the cardiovascular system.
  • To summarize the impact of nicotine exposure on cardiovascular health, focusing on vascular dysfunction.
  • To identify knowledge gaps in nicotine's vascular effects and encourage further research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
  • Analysis of nicotine's impact on vascular function and remodeling.
  • Focus on mechanisms of nicotine-induced vascular dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • Nicotine alters vasoreactivity via endothelium-dependent and -independent pathways.
  • Nicotine exposure leads to clinical manifestations in both cigarette and e-cig users.
  • Nicotine induces vascular remodeling by affecting endothelial and smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and matrix production.

Conclusions:

  • Nicotine significantly impacts cardiovascular health through vascular dysfunction and remodeling.
  • Both traditional smoking and e-cig use pose risks due to nicotine.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand nicotine's effects on the vasculature.