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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Orthotopic Transplantation of Syngeneic Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells to Study PD-L1 Expression
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Immunotherapy in lung cancer.

Gabriela Bravo Montenegro1, Saira Farid2, Stephen V Liu1

  • 1Division of Medical Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

Journal of Surgical Oncology
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PubMed
Summary

Immunotherapy, including monoclonal antibodies, is a vital cancer treatment, especially for lung cancer. It shows promise in both advanced and earlier stages, potentially improving survival when combined with other therapies.

Keywords:
PD-1PD-L1checkpoint inhibitorschemo-immunotherapyneoadjuvant

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Lung Cancer Treatment

Background:

  • Immunotherapy has become a significant treatment in oncology.
  • It plays a crucial role in managing lung cancer.
  • Monoclonal antibodies are established standards of care for advanced lung cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of immunotherapy in lung cancer treatment.
  • To discuss its efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer.
  • To explore its potential in earlier stages of lung cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical data on immunotherapy in lung cancer.
  • Analysis of response rates in non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer.
  • Evaluation of immunotherapy as an adjunct to radiation or surgery.

Main Results:

  • Immunotherapy demonstrates effectiveness in treating lung cancer.
  • Monoclonal antibodies are effective for advanced lung cancer.
  • Potential for survival benefits in earlier-stage lung cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy is a key modality in lung cancer treatment.
  • It offers durable survival gains, particularly in advanced disease.
  • Its use in earlier stages alongside other treatments shows promise.