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Updated: Nov 17, 2025

3D Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Respiratory Motion in Mechanically Ventilated Mice and Rats

3D Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Respiratory Motion in Mechanically Ventilated Mice and Rats

Published on: September 19, 2025

Gastrointestinal 4D MRI with respiratory motion correction.

Adam Johansson^1,2,3, James M Balter^1,4, Yue Cao^1,4,5

¹Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Medical Physics

|February 17, 2021

Summary

This study introduces a new 4D MRI technique to visualize gastrointestinal motion, crucial for radiation therapy planning. The method effectively separates gastric motion from respiratory motion, improving anatomical accuracy.

Keywords:

4D MRI MRI abdomen deformable image registration gastrointestinal motion correction

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Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Radiation Oncology
Gastrointestinal Physiology

Background:

Gastrointestinal (GI) motion, including peristalsis and segmental contractions, significantly impacts organ position during radiation therapy.
Conventional 4D-MRI techniques, designed for respiratory motion, fail to capture GI motion, leading to inaccuracies in treatment planning.
Accurate visualization of GI motion is essential for defining internal target volumes and organs at risk.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a novel 4D MRI method for visualizing periodic gastric motion, independent of respiratory motion.
To assess the impact of GI motion on regional anatomical structures during MRI simulation.
To provide a tool for improved accuracy in radiation therapy planning for abdominal cancers.

Main Methods:

Sixty-seven dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI examinations were acquired using a golden-angle stack-of-stars sequence.
A novel reconstruction method integrated respiratory motion correction and extracted a gastric motion signal from time-intensity curves.
Breathing-corrected images were sorted by gastric phase and reconstructed into 21 distinct motion state images.

Main Results:

The developed technique successfully reconstructed breathing-compensated image volumes, clearly showing gastric motion states without respiratory artifacts.
The mean frequency of the gastric motion signal was determined to be 3 cycles/min (SD=0.27 cycles/min).
The method demonstrated the ability to visualize periodic GI motion distinctly.

Conclusions:

The presented GI 4D MRI technique enables visualization of periodic gastrointestinal motion, overcoming limitations of conventional methods.
This technique holds potential for enhancing internal target volume definition and organ at risk delineation in radiation therapy planning.
GI 4D MRI can support the development of motion tracking algorithms for real-time MR-guided radiation therapy.