Behavioural Aspects of the Prey-Predator Interaction Among Necrophagous Diptera: Implications for Cadaveric...

Predation is a major process in determining the composition and dynamics of necrophagous dipteran assemblages and has implications for the colonization of cadavers. This work describes behavioural interactions between necrophagous larvae under a predator-prey perspective, using as a model the predatory species Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and three species of prey: Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann) (Calliphoridae), Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Wulp) (Muscidae) and Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (Wiedemann) (Sarcophagidae). Using experimental arenas, we observed behavioural acts, such as escape, avoidance and prey discrimination in three experiments, which also incorporated predator density. We demonstrate that the number of escapes, avoidance and predation varies according to the type of prey. Lucilia eximia and P. chrysostoma are able to avoid and/or escape the predator more frequently when compared to S. nudiseta. At least 70% of larvae of both species successfully evaded from C. albiceps attack. Low frequency of escape, associated with strong ability to counterattack, was observed for S. nudiseta. Peckia chrysostoma and L. eximia were the preferred items in the experiment of prey discrimination in both 2- and 3-choice tests. Predation occurs quickly, and the minimum predation time varied according to the prey species and predator density. Remarkably, prey handling varied with the species: whilst individual larvae chased and killed L. eximia, 75% of predation of P. chrysostoma occurred in groups of two or more C. albiceps larvae. Differential intraguild predation has implications for reducing populations of carrion insects-consequently affecting the likelihood of sampling necrophagous larvae in human cadavers.