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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Establishing a Mouse Contusion Spinal Cord Injury Model Based on a Minimally Invasive Technique
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Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Causing Spinal Cord Compression.

Brendan F Judy1, Yike Jin1, Daniel M Sciubba1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

World Neurosurgery
|February 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spinal cord compression from extramedullary hematopoiesis is rare but treatable with urgent surgery. Prompt decompression led to a full recovery in a patient with hemoglobin Lepore disease and beta thalassemia.

Keywords:
DecompressionExtramedullary hematopoiesisSpinal cord compression

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Hematology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is the formation of blood cells outside of bone marrow.
  • Spinal cord compression from EMH is a rare but serious neurosurgical condition.
  • Patients with hemoglobinopathies like beta thalassemia are at higher risk for EMH.

Observation:

  • A young male patient with hemoglobin Lepore disease and beta thalassemia presented with progressive lower extremity weakness and urinary retention.
  • Clinical symptoms indicated significant spinal cord compression.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed extramedullary hematopoiesis causing thoracic spinal cord compression.

Findings:

  • The patient underwent urgent thoracic laminectomies for spinal cord decompression.
  • Post-operative recovery was complete, with significant improvement in neurological deficits.
  • Histopathological examination confirmed extramedullary hematopoiesis.

Implications:

  • Urgent surgical decompression is a critical neurosurgical intervention for acute spinal cord compression due to EMH.
  • While other treatments exist, surgical decompression remains essential in the acute setting.
  • This case highlights the importance of considering EMH in patients with hemoglobinopathies presenting with neurological symptoms.