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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
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Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Validation of an indium-based multi-shell neutron spectrometer.

Alvie Asuncion-Astronomo1, Charlotte V Balderas2, Frederick C Hila2

  • 1Nuclear Reactor Operations Section, Philippine Nuclear Research Institute - DOST, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines.

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|February 18, 2021
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Summary

A new indium foil neutron spectrometer (In-MuNS) accurately measures intense neutron fields from medical accelerators. This portable device validates simulation models, offering an alternative to traditional Bonner spheres.

Keywords:
Indium activation foilModified bonner spheresNeutron spectrometryResponse function

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Area of Science:

  • Medical physics
  • Radiation detection
  • Neutron spectrometry

Background:

  • Medical accelerators generate intense neutron fields requiring accurate characterization.
  • Conventional neutron spectrometers like Bonner spheres can be cumbersome.
  • A novel spectrometer, In-MuNS, utilizes indium foil detectors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a multi-shell neutron spectrometer (In-MuNS) for intense neutron fields in medical accelerators.
  • To assess the accuracy of computational models for neutron field evaluation.
  • To compare In-MuNS with conventional Bonner spheres.

Main Methods:

  • Calculated the response matrix of In-MuNS from 1 meV to 100 MeV using MCNP5 v.1.6 and ENDF/B-VIII.0 nuclear data.
  • Validated the computational model through an experiment using a Californium-252 (²⁵²Cf) source.
  • Included detailed modeling of the irradiation room to account for scattered neutrons.

Main Results:

  • The contribution of scattered neutrons reached up to 30% for the smallest sphere configuration.
  • The ratio of experimental to simulated foil activity was consistently close to 1 (1.03±0.04) across different sphere sizes.
  • Demonstrated the validity and accuracy of the simulation model for the In-MuNS spectrometer.

Conclusions:

  • The In-MuNS spectrometer is a valid and accurate tool for evaluating intense neutron fields in medical accelerator environments.
  • The simulation model used is reliable for predicting spectrometer response, including scattered neutron contributions.
  • In-MuNS offers a portable and compact alternative to traditional Bonner spheres for neutron spectrometry.