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$X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples$ 01:10

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...

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Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

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Simulation based evaluation of a fan beam coded aperture x-ray diffraction imaging system for biospecimen analysis.

Stefan Stryker¹, Anuj J Kapadia^1,2, Joel A Greenberg^1,3

¹Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University, United States of America.

Physics in Medicine and Biology

|February 18, 2021

Summary

This study introduces a novel X-ray diffraction (XRD) imaging technique for rapid, high-resolution scatter imaging of biospecimens. The developed system shows promise for medical diagnosis and intraoperative cancer margin assessment.

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Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Materials Science
Biophysics

Background:

X-ray diffraction (XRD) imaging provides material-specific data crucial for medical diagnosis and treatment.
Current imaging methods may lack the resolution or specificity required for detailed tissue assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the utility of fan beam coded aperture XRD imaging for fast, high-resolution scatter imaging of biospecimens.
To evaluate the system's performance in tissue assessment and cancer detection using simulated data.

Main Methods:

Simulations using a deterministic model with biologically realistic breast tissue phantoms.
Model-based reconstruction to map XRD signatures.
Development of a cancer detection classifier using cross-correlation of XRD spectra.

Main Results:

Achieved an XRD spatial resolution of approximately 1 mm.
Demonstrated a mean reconstructed spectral accuracy of 0.98 ± 0.01.
Cancer detection classifier achieved an area under the curve of 0.972.

Conclusions:

The fan beam coded aperture XRD imaging system offers a potential new diagnostic modality.
The technique is suitable for ex-vivo pathology and intraoperative cancer margin assessment.
Further development of experimental systems and algorithms is warranted.