Brucella Septic Hip Arthritis: A Case Report

BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a major health problem, especially in endemic countries. Although musculoskeletal system involvement is common with brucellosis, the development of septic arthritis in connection with brucellosis has been rarely reported. CASE REPORT A 7-year-old girl presented with high-grade fever and severe right hip pain. Based on her clinical picture, laboratory tests, and radiographic images, septic arthritis was diagnosed and subsequently managed with standard septic arthritis treatment. The severity of hip pain significantly decreased after hip drainage. However, a high-grade fever persisted, raising suspicion of brucellosis, which was confirmed by serological testing. Standard treatment of brucellosis was administered and the patient responded well. CONCLUSIONS Brucella arthritis should be considered as a differential diagnosis of septic hip, especially in endemic areas. The nonpurulent nature of the hip aspirate should raise suspicion of brucella arthritis. Early diagnosis of brucella septic arthritis is important to avoid serious complications.