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Universal lasing condition.

Ilya V Doronin1,2,3, Alexander A Zyablovsky4,5,6, Evgeny S Andrianov1,2,3

  • 1Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), 22 Sushchevskaya, Moscow, 127055, Russia.

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The laser cavity is not essential for coherent emission. Lasing conditions depend on atomic properties, and cavity-free systems can achieve threshold reduction, enabling new laser designs.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Optics
  • Laser Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Traditionally, optical cavities are fundamental components in laser design, enabling coherent light emission.
  • The role of cavities in achieving lasing conditions is often assumed to vary with cavity type.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fundamental role of optical cavities in laser operation.
  • To determine the universal conditions for lasing.
  • To explore the potential of cavity-free laser systems.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of lasing conditions.
  • Investigation of the Purcell effect's influence on photon emission rates.
  • Exploring the tuning of local density of states in cavity-free structures.

Main Results:

  • The lasing condition is universal, determined by the ratio of atomic spectrum width to the product of atom number and spontaneous radiation rate.
  • Optical cavities primarily reduce the lasing threshold by enhancing photon emission rates via the Purcell effect, rather than enabling coherence.
  • Threshold reduction is achievable in cavity-free systems by manipulating the local density of electromagnetic states.

Conclusions:

  • Optical cavities are not crucial for achieving coherence in lasers.
  • A universal lasing condition exists independent of cavity type.
  • Cavity-free laser designs are feasible and offer new avenues for laser development.