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Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

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Highly stretchable multilayer electronic circuits using biphasic gallium-indium.

Shanliangzi Liu^1,2, Dylan S Shah¹, Rebecca Kramer-Bottiglio³

¹School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

Nature Materials

|February 19, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed biphasic gallium-indium (Ga-In), a printable conductor for advanced stretchable electronic circuits. This material offers high conductivity and extreme stretchability, enabling new applications in soft robotics and wearable technology.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrical Engineering
Robotics

Background:

Stretchable electronic circuits are essential for soft robots, wearable devices, and biomedical applications.
Developing these circuits requires materials with stable conductivity under strain and reliable interfaces with rigid components.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce biphasic Ga-In, a novel printable conductor designed for high-performance stretchable electronic circuits.
To demonstrate its capabilities in creating robust and adaptable electronic systems.

Main Methods:

A scalable transfer-printing process was utilized to fabricate stretchable circuit board assemblies.
The properties of biphasic Ga-In, including conductivity, stretchability, and cyclic stability, were rigorously tested.

Main Results:

Biphasic Ga-In exhibits high conductivity (2.06 × 10^6 S/m) and extreme stretchability (>1,000%).
The material shows negligible resistance change during stretching and stable performance over 1,500 cycles.
Functional stretchable circuits, including an LED display and amplifier, were successfully created.

Conclusions:

Biphasic Ga-In is a versatile material for creating soft and stretchable electronic circuits.
Its compatibility with scalable manufacturing and off-the-shelf components facilitates the transition of conventional electronics to stretchable forms.