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Related Experiment Video

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Inducing and Characterizing Vesicular Steatosis in Differentiated HepaRG Cells
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Extracellular Vesicles as Inflammatory Drivers in NAFLD.

Akshatha N Srinivas1, Diwakar Suresh1, Prasanna K Santhekadur1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, CEMR, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India.

Frontiers in Immunology
|February 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves inflammation, progressing from fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Extracellular vesicles are key drivers of this inflammation, impacting liver disease progression.

Keywords:
cytokinesexosomesimmune systeminflammationmicrovesiclesnonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent condition affecting one-third of the Western population.
  • NAFLD is driven by obesity and diabetes, involving complex interactions between organs.
  • Progression from simple fatty liver (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can lead to severe complications like liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the inflammatory mediators involved in NASH pathogenesis.
  • To highlight the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as key modulators of immune-mediated inflammation in NAFLD.
  • To emphasize inflammation as a primary driver in the progression of NAFLD to NASH.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the pathobiology of NAFLD and NASH.
  • Analysis of studies investigating inflammatory mediators in NAFLD.
  • Examination of research on the role of extracellular vesicles (exosomes and microvesicles) in NAFLD.

Main Results:

  • Inflammation is a critical factor in the development and progression of NASH.
  • Lipotoxicity, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and gut dysbiosis contribute to hepatic and systemic inflammation.
  • Extracellular vesicles, carrying bioactive molecules, play a significant role in mediating inflammation and driving the progression from steatosis to NASH.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular vesicles are crucial in the immune-mediated inflammatory processes underlying NAFLD.
  • Understanding the role of EVs in inflammation is vital for developing therapeutic strategies for NASH.
  • Inflammation is a central mechanism in NAFLD pathogenesis, with EVs acting as key mediators.