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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

17.7K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

4.1K
The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
4.1K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

15.0K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

10.0K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
10.0K
Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

3.2K
Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial...
3.2K
Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane01:12

Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

4.0K
Porins are beta-barrel proteins translocated to the mitochondrial outer membrane through the TOM complex into the intermembrane space. Porin precursors bind TIM chaperones within the intermembrane space and are guided to the Sorting and Assembly Machinery complex or SAM complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Three models describe the assembly of porins by the SAM complex and their insertion into the outer membrane. Model 1 suggests that porins are assembled outside the SAM channel as the...
4.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
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Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

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Mitochondrial Calcification.

Bhargavi Duvvuri1, Christian Lood1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Immunometabolism
|February 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondria can accumulate calcium and phosphate, forming granules that cause mitochondrial calcification. This process is relevant to calcium deposits in body tissues.

Keywords:
calcificationcalciummitochondriaphosphate

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Analyses of Mitochondrial Calcium Influx in Isolated Mitochondria and Cultured Cells
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
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Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

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Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
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Analyses of Mitochondrial Calcium Influx in Isolated Mitochondria and Cultured Cells
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Analyses of Mitochondrial Calcium Influx in Isolated Mitochondria and Cultured Cells

Published on: April 27, 2018

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Mitochondria play a crucial role in cellular calcium homeostasis.
  • Dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium can lead to pathological calcification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of mitochondrial calcium regulation.
  • To explore the formation and characteristics of intramitochondrial calcium phosphate granules.
  • To discuss the relevance of mitochondrial calcification in physiological and pathological contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mechanisms regulating mitochondrial calcium.
  • Analysis of studies on intramitochondrial calcium phosphate granule formation.
  • Review of literature linking mitochondrial calcification to tissue calcification.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondria actively regulate intracellular calcium levels.
  • Calcium and phosphate co-accumulation drives the formation of intramitochondrial calcium phosphate granules.
  • Mitochondrial calcification is implicated in various physiological and pathological calcification processes.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis is a tightly regulated process.
  • The formation of intramitochondrial calcium phosphate granules is a key step in mitochondrial calcification.
  • Understanding mitochondrial calcification offers insights into broader tissue calcification disorders.