Protocol to prepare functional cellular nanovesicles with PD1 and TRAIL to boost antitumor response

Immunotherapy has achieved notable success in tumor treatment, but it is restricted to a small number of patients due to multiple immunosuppressive pathways in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we present a step-by-step protocol to prepare functional cellular nanovesicles from HEK293-FT cells displaying PD1 and TRAIL. TRAIL specifically induces immunogenic cancer cell death to initiate an immune response, and ectogenic PD1 blocks the PD1/PDL1 checkpoint signal to reactivate anergic tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wu et al. (2020).