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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle...
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Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
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Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
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Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

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Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
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Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Structural Imaging in OCD.

D J Veltman1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. dj.veltman@amsterdamumc.nl.

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
|February 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuroimaging studies reveal subtle brain differences in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), including altered volumes in the pallidum and hippocampus, and cortical thinning. These findings highlight the need for longitudinal research to understand OCD

Keywords:
Cortical thicknessDTIMRIVBM

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroanatomy

Background:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to study Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) since the late 1980s.
  • Automated image processing techniques like voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based methods have enabled detailed whole-brain analyses.
  • Early research implicated corticostriatal circuitry, with later studies identifying additional involvement of posterior brain regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize findings from neuroanatomical imaging studies in OCD.
  • To identify consistent structural brain alterations in adult and pediatric OCD populations.
  • To explore the potential of machine learning in establishing a neurobiological profile for OCD.

Main Methods:

  • Review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, including voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
  • Analysis of large-scale datasets from consortia like ENIGMA.
  • Investigation of white matter integrity and volume changes.

Main Results:

  • Adult OCD associated with greater pallidum and smaller hippocampus volume, and parietal cortical thinning. Frontal thinning observed only in medicated patients.
  • Consistent thalamus enlargement found in pediatric OCD.
  • White matter studies yielded mixed results, with recent meta-analyses suggesting involvement of posterior and subcortical-prefrontal tracts.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroanatomical alterations in OCD are subtle and may change over time, necessitating longitudinal studies.
  • Current findings are not confirmed for symptom dimension-specific alterations.
  • Machine learning approaches, especially with multimodal data, show promise for defining an OCD neurobiological profile, though current individual patient discrimination is limited.