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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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Multi-Elemental Electronic Coupling for Enhanced Hydrogen Generation.

Huan Li1, Minghao Hu1, Bo Cao1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|February 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel electrode material, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur tri-doped carbon encapsulated sulfur-doped molybdenum phosphide nanosheets (NPSCL@S-MoP NSs/CC), demonstrates exceptional efficiency for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This advanced catalyst offers superior performance across a wide pH range, marking a significant advancement in electrocatalysis.

Keywords:
MoP nanosheetselectronic coupling effectgraphitic carbonheteroatomic dopinghydrogen generation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Developing efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for clean energy technologies.
  • Molybdenum phosphide (MoP)-based materials show promise but often require optimization for enhanced activity and stability.
  • Heteroatom doping and composite structures can significantly improve the electrocatalytic properties of transition metal phosphides.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize a novel self-supported electrode for efficient HER.
  • To investigate the synergistic effects of multi-heteroatom doping (N, P, S) and encapsulation within a graphitic carbon layer on molybdenum phosphide nanosheets.
  • To evaluate the electrocatalytic performance of the developed material across a wide pH range.

Main Methods:

  • A polyaniline-assisted strategy was employed to construct the electrode.
  • The electrode material, NPSCL@S-MoP NSs/CC, features a nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur tri-doped thin graphitic carbon layer encapsulating sulfur-doped molybdenum phosphide nanosheet arrays.
  • Electrochemical characterization techniques were used to assess HER performance in acidic, neutral, and alkaline media.

Main Results:

  • The NPSCL@S-MoP NSs/CC electrode exhibited low overpotentials of 65 mV (0.5 M H2SO4), 114 mV (1.0 M PBS), and 49 mV (1.0 M KOH) at 10 mA cm⁻².
  • The catalyst demonstrated small Tafel slopes (49.5-69.3 mV dec⁻¹) and excellent long-term stability over 50 hours.
  • The tri-doping and carbon encapsulation led to abundant active sites, enhanced charge transfer, and favorable hydrogen adsorption.

Conclusions:

  • The developed NPSCL@S-MoP NSs/CC electrode represents a highly efficient and stable electrocatalyst for HER.
  • The synergistic effects of multi-heteroatom doping and carbon encapsulation are key to the superior performance.
  • This study offers a valuable methodology for creating advanced electrocatalysts for hydrogen production in diverse pH environments.