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Hematological Abnormalities in COVID-19: A Narrative Review
Asma Rahman1, Roshan Niloofa2, Umesh Jayarajah3
11Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|February 19, 2021
Summary
COVID-19 infection causes significant hematological abnormalities, including low white blood cells and platelets. These changes, particularly elevated D-dimer, may indicate severe disease and guide treatment for coronavirus patients.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Infectious Diseases
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, primarily known for pulmonary symptoms.
- Beyond respiratory issues, COVID-19 is associated with various hematological abnormalities.
- Understanding these blood-related changes is crucial for managing the disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and summarize hematological abnormalities observed in COVID-19 patients.
- To explore the underlying patho-mechanisms of these blood alterations.
- To discuss the clinical management of hematological complications in COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of studies reporting hematological changes in COVID-19.
- Analysis of data on platelet counts, white blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels, and coagulation/fibrinolysis.
- Synthesis of information on disease severity correlation and potential biomarkers.
Main Results:
- Common findings include lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated D-dimer levels.
- These hematological alterations are more pronounced in severe COVID-19 cases, suggesting biomarker potential for hospitalization and ICU admission.
- Coagulation abnormalities require careful monitoring and management to prevent adverse outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Hematological abnormalities are a significant feature of COVID-19, correlating with disease severity.
- Monitoring blood parameters can aid in identifying high-risk patients.
- Proactive management of coagulation disturbances is essential for improving patient outcomes.
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