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Area of Science:

  • Marine Ecology
  • Microbial Ecology
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Intertidal zones are dynamic ecosystems influenced by numerous factors, including resident fauna acting as ecosystem engineers.
  • Ecosystem engineers modify their environment through bioturbation, bioirrigation, and sediment stabilization, impacting biochemical characteristics and microbial communities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary implications of ecosystem engineering by identifying selection pressures on microbial communities.
  • To compare the effects of bioturbation, bioirrigation, and sediment stabilization on microbial community composition and function.

Main Methods:

  • A mesocosm study using intertidal ecosystem engineers (Corophium volutator, Hediste diversicolor) and microphytobenthos.
  • Sediment functions and biogeochemical gradients were measured alongside 16S rRNA sequencing and diatom taxonomy.
  • Bacterial metagenome function prediction was used to identify selection pressures.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial communities shifted from Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Alphaproteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia towards Deltaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi as oxygen and redox potential decreased.
  • Microbial community composition was strongly influenced by biogeochemistry, with surface communities affected by sediment functions and water turbidity, and subsurface communities by sediment reworking.
  • Diatom assemblages were primarily influenced by water turbidity, not direct infaunal grazing.

Conclusions:

  • Ecosystem engineering activities significantly alter intertidal sediment biogeochemistry, creating selection pressures that drive microbial community shifts.
  • Bacterial community structure and function are predominantly controlled by biogeochemical gradients resulting from sediment reworking.
  • Water turbidity, rather than direct faunal influence, is a key driver for diatom community composition in these systems.