Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Organization of the Brain

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...

Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...

Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions

Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions

The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem.
The cerebrum is the largest section of the brain and divides into left and right hemispheres, separated by a deep fissure. The cerebral outer layer of grey matter — the cerebral cortex — comprises elevations called gyri and shallow groves called sulci. The inner portion of white matter includes long nerve fibers known as axons, which connect...

The Blood-brain Barrier

The Blood-brain Barrier

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Deviations in effective connectivity explain different hallucination subtypes in Parkinson's disease psychosis.

Nature. Mental health·2026

Same author

Scale-invariant evolution: Comment on "homo informatio" by Michael Walker.

Physics of life reviews·2026

Same author

The body does not keep the score: trauma, predictive coding, and the restoration of metastability.

Frontiers in systems neuroscience·2026

Same author

The dysconnection hypothesis of schizophrenia: a 30-year update.

World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)·2026

Same author

The methodological foundations of lesion network mapping remain sound.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Insula Structure Is Linked to Autonomic Cardiac Dysregulation in Depression.

Biological psychiatry·2026

Same journal

Neural Bases of Memory Development: Insights from Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026

Same journal

Regional Heterogeneity of Brain Insulin Resistance: From Molecular Pathways to Neural Circuits.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026

Same journal

Peripheral Nervous System Involvement in Parkinson's Disease: Peripheral Neuropathy, Neuromuscular Junction Dysfunction, and Clinical Implications.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026

Same journal

Violence on the self: Exploring the intersection of trauma and identity among sexual and gender minorities from a neurobiological and developmental perspective to advance our understanding of PTSD, moral injury, and dissociation symptoms.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026

Same journal

Meaning in life and biological functioning: A multisystem synthesis and agenda for future research.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026

Same journal

Beyond diagnosis: Why and how virtual reality should be used in research on neurodevelopmental conditions?

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data

Published on: June 26, 2013

Markov blankets in the brain.

Inês Hipólito¹, Maxwell J D Ramstead², Laura Convertino³

¹Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Philosophy & Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Germany; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, United Kingdom.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

|February 19, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers analyzed neuronal systems using the Markov blanket framework, a statistical boundary. This approach allows partitioning brain networks at multiple scales, offering a more nuanced view than modular perspectives.

Keywords:

Boundaries Canonical microcircuit Dynamic causal modelling Markov blankets

More Related Videos

Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping

Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping

Published on: September 25, 2019

Whole-brain Segmentation and Change-point Analysis of Anatomical Brain MRI—Application in Premanifest Huntington's Disease

Whole-brain Segmentation and Change-point Analysis of Anatomical Brain MRI—Application in Premanifest Huntington's Disease

Published on: June 9, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data

Published on: June 26, 2013

Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping

Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping

Published on: September 25, 2019

Whole-brain Segmentation and Change-point Analysis of Anatomical Brain MRI—Application in Premanifest Huntington's Disease

Whole-brain Segmentation and Change-point Analysis of Anatomical Brain MRI—Application in Premanifest Huntington's Disease

Published on: June 9, 2018

Area of Science:

Computational Neuroscience
Systems Neuroscience
Theoretical Neuroscience

Background:

Self-organizing systems are increasingly characterized by Markov blankets, which act as statistical boundaries mediating internal and external interactions.
Understanding brain function requires analyzing neural systems at various scales, from individual neurons to large-scale networks.

Purpose of the Study:

To apply the Markov blanket concept to analyze partitions within neuronal systems.
To provide a framework for understanding brain architecture at multiple scales (neurons, regions, networks).
To connect theoretical analysis with empirical studies of effective connectivity.

Main Methods:

Utilized the concept of a Markov blanket as a statistical boundary.
Applied this framework to analyze partitions in neuronal systems.
Grounded the analysis in canonical micro-circuitry relevant to effective connectivity studies.

Main Results:

Demonstrated that partitions in neuronal systems can be analyzed using the Markov blanket framework.
Showed that effective connectivity recapitulates the form of a Markov blanket across different analytical levels.
Highlighted limitations of purely modular views of brain function.

Conclusions:

The Markov blanket provides a unifying framework for partitioning neuronal systems across multiple scales.
This approach offers a more nuanced understanding of brain function compared to single-level modular perspectives.
The framework is directly applicable to empirical studies of effective connectivity.