Effects of medial longitudinal arch flexibility on propulsion kinetics during drop vertical jumps

This study examined the effects of medial longitudinal arch (MLA) flexibility on kinetics during the eccentric and concentric subphases of a drop vertical jump (DVJ). Physically active adults with flexible (n = 16) and stiff (n = 16) MLA completed DVJs onto a force platform from a height of 30 cm. Eccentric and concentric subphases of the DVJ were identified from the vertical ground reaction force (GRF) data. Jump height, ground contact time, reactive strength index (RSI), vertical center-of-mass depth, vertical stiffness and time of the eccentric and concentric subphases were evaluated. Amortization force, peak vertical GRF and vertical impulse were also obtained for the eccentric and concentric subphases of the DVJ. Dependent variables were compared between groups using independent samples t-tests (p < 0.05). Significantly greater vertical stiffness (p = 0.048; ES = 0.63) was found in the stiff arch group (-173.91 ± 99.73 N/kg/m) compared to the flexible arch group (-122.95 ± 63.42 N/kg/m). A moderate-magnitude difference (ES = 0.58) was observed for RSI between flexible (0.89 ± 0.39) and stiff arch (1.20 ± 0.70) groups, but was not significant (p = 0.063). The active and passive structures supporting the MLA may be used differently to achieve similar vertical jump height during a DVJ. Additional research is warranted to further understand the contributions of MLA flexibility to jumping performance.