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Interactions of Emotion and Self-reference in Source Memory: An ERP Study.

Diana R Pereira1, Adriana Sampaio1, Ana P Pinheiro2,3

  • 1Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.

Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience
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Emotional valence and self-reference interact to impact source memory. Negative self-related information particularly hinders recalling memory details, affecting emotional memory encoding and recognition.

Keywords:
EmotionEvent-related potentialsRecognition memorySelf-referential processingSource memoryValence

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Emotional information encoding influences source memory.
  • The interaction between emotional valence and self-reference in memory processing is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how emotional valence (negative, neutral, positive) and self-referential processing interactively affect brain responses during stimulus encoding and source memory recognition.
  • To examine the electrophysiological correlates of these interactions using event-related potentials (ERPs).

Main Methods:

  • 22 participants encoded negative, neutral, and positive words under self-referential and non-self-referential conditions across five study-test cycles.
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were recorded to measure event-related potentials (ERPs).
  • Source memory performance was assessed via recognition accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Self-referential processing enhanced source memory for neutral and positive words.
  • Self-referential words showed increased ERP amplitudes during later encoding stages (700–1,200 ms) and familiarity effects (300–500 ms).
  • Negative self-referential words uniquely impaired source memory, indicated by reduced old/new effects (500–800 ms) and increased post-retrieval monitoring (800–1,200 ms).

Conclusions:

  • Emotional valence and self-reference interactively modulate source memory performance and neural processing.
  • Negative self-related information poses a unique challenge to the accurate recollection of source memory features, potentially due to increased monitoring demands.