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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 16, 2025

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Mitochondrial function is impaired in the primary visual cortex in an experimental glaucoma model.

Ailen G Hvozda Arana1, Romina M Lasagni Vitar1, Claudia G Reides1

  • 1Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
|February 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Glaucoma impairs mitochondrial function in the brain

Keywords:
GlaucomaMitochondriaNeurodegenerationOxidative stressPrimary visual cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease impacting visual pathways.
  • Oxidative stress is a key factor in glaucoma's development and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate mitochondrial function and its role in brain redox metabolism in an experimental glaucoma model.
  • To assess changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and antioxidant defenses in the visual cortex.

Main Methods:

  • An experimental glaucoma model was created in Wistar rats by cauterizing episcleral veins.
  • Mitochondrial function, ROS generation, and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GST, GR, TrxR, GPx) were evaluated in the primary visual cortex.
  • Markers of oxidative damage to lipids and proteins were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Glaucoma significantly reduced mitochondrial ATP production and Complex II activity.
  • Increased production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide was observed, alongside elevated NOX4 expression.
  • Antioxidant enzyme activity showed complex alterations, with increased SOD but decreased GR and TrxR, leading to redox imbalance and macromolecular damage.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental glaucoma induces mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance in the brain's visual cortex.
  • These alterations contribute to oxidative damage, potentially exacerbating neurodegeneration.
  • Targeting mitochondrial pathways may offer novel neuroprotective strategies for glaucoma treatment.