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Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes01:24

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The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...
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The phylum Chlamydiae or Chlamydiota is composed of a single order, Chlamydiales. This phylum consists entirely of obligate intracellular parasites that infect eukaryotic hosts. While human pathogens within this group have been studied extensively, the phylum encompasses many species capable of interacting with various eukaryotic organisms. Members of Chlamydiae are typically small cocci, approximately 0.5 μm in diameter, and exhibit a distinctive developmental cycle. As is characteristic...
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Mycoplasma hominis: An under recognized pathogen.

Jaweed Ahmed1, Jyoti Rawre1, Neha Dhawan2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology
|February 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Mycoplasma hominis, a genital tract commensal, is an emerging pathogen causing diverse infections. Rising antibiotic resistance necessitates updated understanding of its pathogenicity, diagnosis, and treatment.

Keywords:
Antimicrobial resistanceExtragenital infectionsMycoplasma hominisPathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Mycoplasma hominis is a common commensal in the female genital tract.
  • It is increasingly recognized as an opportunistic pathogen causing genitourinary and extragenital infections.
  • Neonatal infections and those in immunocompromised individuals are significant concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in the association of Mycoplasma hominis with various diseases.
  • To explore its pathogenesis, focusing on the role of lipoproteins.
  • To summarize current diagnostic methods and treatment strategies, highlighting emerging resistance patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of PubMed and Google search engine.
  • Analysis of studies on Mycoplasma hominis infections, pathogenicity, and host immune interactions.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic techniques, primarily Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Main Results:

  • Mycoplasma hominis causes a spectrum of infections, including neonatal, genitourinary, and extragenital diseases like septic arthritis and CNS infections.
  • Pathogenicity is linked to its lipoproteins, which interact with the host immune system.
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is the primary diagnostic tool.
  • Increasing resistance to tetracyclines and quinolones is a significant global health issue.

Conclusions:

  • Mycoplasma hominis is an underestimated pathogen with a growing clinical significance.
  • Understanding its pathogenesis and host immune interactions is crucial for effective management.
  • Addressing antimicrobial resistance is essential for optimizing treatment strategies.