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Mycoplasma hominis: An under recognized pathogen

Jaweed Ahmed1, Jyoti Rawre1, Neha Dhawan2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology
|February 21, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Mycoplasma hominis, a genital tract commensal, is an emerging pathogen causing diverse infections. Rising antibiotic resistance necessitates updated understanding of its pathogenicity, diagnosis, and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Mycoplasma hominis is a common commensal in the female genital tract.
  • It is increasingly recognized as an opportunistic pathogen causing genitourinary and extragenital infections.
  • Neonatal infections and those in immunocompromised individuals are significant concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in the association of Mycoplasma hominis with various diseases.
  • To explore its pathogenesis, focusing on the role of lipoproteins.
  • To summarize current diagnostic methods and treatment strategies, highlighting emerging resistance patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of PubMed and Google search engine.
  • Analysis of studies on Mycoplasma hominis infections, pathogenicity, and host immune interactions.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic techniques, primarily Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Main Results:

  • Mycoplasma hominis causes a spectrum of infections, including neonatal, genitourinary, and extragenital diseases like septic arthritis and CNS infections.
  • Pathogenicity is linked to its lipoproteins, which interact with the host immune system.
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is the primary diagnostic tool.
  • Increasing resistance to tetracyclines and quinolones is a significant global health issue.

Conclusions:

  • Mycoplasma hominis is an underestimated pathogen with a growing clinical significance.
  • Understanding its pathogenesis and host immune interactions is crucial for effective management.
  • Addressing antimicrobial resistance is essential for optimizing treatment strategies.
Keywords:
Antimicrobial resistanceExtragenital infectionsMycoplasma hominisPathogenesis

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