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A nation-wide survey of Japanese pediatric MOG antibody-associated diseases

Kohji Azumagawa1, Ichiro Nakashima2, Kimihiko Kaneko3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Seikeikai Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.

Brain & Development
|February 21, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated diseases are common in Japanese children with acquired demyelinating diseases. Early identification and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing MOG-IgG positive pediatric patients and preventing long-term sequelae.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Acquired demyelinating diseases (ADS) in children can have various causes.
  • Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-IgG) is increasingly recognized as a significant factor in pediatric neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of MOG-IgG positive ADS in Japanese pediatric patients.
  • To evaluate treatment efficacies and identify sequelae in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A nationwide survey of 323 facilities was conducted to identify pediatric ADS patients.
  • Initial surveys collected information on ADS presence and MOG-IgG status, followed by detailed data collection in a follow-up survey.

Main Results:

  • Of 175 pediatric ADS patients identified, 69% tested positive for MOG-IgG.
  • Optic neuritis was a common presentation. Relapse occurred in 44% of MOG-IgG positive patients.
  • Corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and IVIG were effective acute treatments; relapse prevention involved various immunotherapies, with uncertain efficacy for disease-modifying drugs. Sequelae were noted in 11%.

Conclusions:

  • MOG antibody-associated diseases are prevalent in pediatric ADS patients in Japan.
  • Appropriate treatment strategies are essential to minimize sequelae and improve outcomes.
  • MOG autoantibody testing should be considered in the diagnostic workup of pediatric ADS.
Abstract

Keywords:
Acquired demyelinating disease (ADS)Anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibodyMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodyNation-wide surveyPediatrics

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