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Extracellular miRNAs and Cell-Cell Communication: Problems and Prospects.

J Makarova1, A Turchinovich2, M Shkurnikov3

  • 1HSE University, Moscow, Russia.

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|February 21, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) mediate cell-cell communication, but their extracellular transport mechanisms, particularly via extracellular vesicles (EVs), require further investigation. This article reviews current knowledge and highlights challenges in studying cell-free miRNAs.

Keywords:
Argonaute proteinsRNA-induced silencing complexexomeresexosomesextracellular vesiclesmicrovesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression.
  • Extracellular miRNAs are implicated in intercellular communication.
  • Evidence suggests miRNAs are transported via extracellular vesicles (EVs) and other carriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current mechanisms of miRNA sorting and secretion.
  • To discuss challenges in extracellular miRNA research.
  • To propose solutions for inconsistencies in miRNA-mediated cell communication studies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical analysis of existing studies.
  • Discussion of methodological limitations in extracellular miRNA isolation and detection.
  • Synthesis of current data on miRNA transport and Argonaute protein association.

Main Results:

  • While EVs are a primary proposed mechanism for miRNA transfer, other carriers exist.
  • Detection of miRNAs and associated Argonaute proteins in EV isolates remains inconsistent.
  • Methodological challenges hinder definitive conclusions about extracellular miRNA function.

Conclusions:

  • Current methods for studying extracellular miRNAs need refinement.
  • Further research is required to elucidate definitive mechanisms of miRNA sorting, secretion, and intercellular transfer.
  • Resolving these inconsistencies is crucial for understanding miRNA-mediated cell communication.