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Extracellular miRNAs and Cell-Cell Communication: Problems and Prospects.
J Makarova1, A Turchinovich2, M Shkurnikov3
1HSE University, Moscow, Russia.
Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|February 21, 2021
Summary
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) mediate cell-cell communication, but their extracellular transport mechanisms, particularly via extracellular vesicles (EVs), require further investigation. This article reviews current knowledge and highlights challenges in studying cell-free miRNAs.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression.
- Extracellular miRNAs are implicated in intercellular communication.
- Evidence suggests miRNAs are transported via extracellular vesicles (EVs) and other carriers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current mechanisms of miRNA sorting and secretion.
- To discuss challenges in extracellular miRNA research.
- To propose solutions for inconsistencies in miRNA-mediated cell communication studies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and critical analysis of existing studies.
- Discussion of methodological limitations in extracellular miRNA isolation and detection.
- Synthesis of current data on miRNA transport and Argonaute protein association.
Main Results:
- While EVs are a primary proposed mechanism for miRNA transfer, other carriers exist.
- Detection of miRNAs and associated Argonaute proteins in EV isolates remains inconsistent.
- Methodological challenges hinder definitive conclusions about extracellular miRNA function.
Conclusions:
- Current methods for studying extracellular miRNAs need refinement.
- Further research is required to elucidate definitive mechanisms of miRNA sorting, secretion, and intercellular transfer.
- Resolving these inconsistencies is crucial for understanding miRNA-mediated cell communication.
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