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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
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Published on: January 25, 2016

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Geriatric sudden deafness.

Bang-Yan Zhang1, Yi-Ho Young1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

American Journal of Otolaryngology
|February 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Sudden deafness (SD) treatment outcomes are similar for elderly and younger adults. The aging process does not negatively impact recovery from sudden deafness, suggesting favorable treatment prospects for older individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (sudden deafness, SD) is understudied in the elderly, a demographic rapidly increasing worldwide.
  • Investigating the impact of aging on SD treatment outcomes is crucial given population demographics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if the aging process influences the treatment outcomes of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in elderly patients.
  • To compare the efficacy of SD treatment in geriatric (>65 years) versus non-geriatric (55-64 years) populations.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty patients with SD were divided into two groups: 40 geriatric (>65 years) and 40 non-geriatric (55-64 years).
  • All participants underwent a comprehensive inner ear test battery, including audiometry, cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), ocular VEMP (oVEMP), and caloric tests.
Keywords:
GeriatricSudden deafnessSudden sensorineural hearing lossThe elderly

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  • Treatment outcomes were assessed after 3 months.

    • Main Results:

    • Pre-treatment hearing levels were comparable between geriatric and non-geriatric groups.
    • After 3 months of treatment, mean hearing gain and improvement rates were not significantly different between the geriatric (65% improvement) and non-geriatric (58% improvement) groups.
    • Aging significantly affected cVEMP and oVEMP responses but had less impact on caloric responses.

    Conclusions:

    • The aging process does not significantly affect the treatment outcome for sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
    • Geriatric patients (>65 years) experience favorable treatment outcomes for SD, comparable to younger adults (55-64 years).
    • Unlike the often unsatisfactory outcomes for presbycusis, SD treatment in the elderly can be highly effective.