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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography
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How does grazing incidence ultrasonic microscopy work? A study based on grain-scale numerical simulations.

Michał K Kalkowski1, Michael J S Lowe1, Martin Barth2

  • 1Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK.

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|February 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Grazing incidence ultrasonic microscopy (GIUM) visualizes polycrystal microstructures. Simulations confirm the free surface effect is key, with penetration depth limited to the grain size.

Keywords:
Austenitic weldCharacterisationFinite element methodGPUGrain-scale simulationLaser vibrometryMicrostructureUltrasonics

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Non-destructive Testing
  • Ultrasonic Imaging

Background:

  • Grazing incidence ultrasonic microscopy (GIUM) visualizes microstructures in polycrystals with local orientations.
  • Previous studies demonstrated GIUM on austenitic stainless steel welds, revealing sub-wavelength grains.
  • The underlying physical mechanism of GIUM remained hypothetical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To verify the principles behind GIUM images using simulations.
  • To assess the penetration depth of the GIUM method.
  • To elucidate the physical mechanism responsible for GIUM image generation.

Main Methods:

  • Grain-scale finite element simulations were employed.
  • Simulations were based on Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) measurements.
  • The study analyzed the contribution of lateral grain contraction and free surface effects.

Main Results:

  • Simulations confirmed that lateral grain contraction contains microstructure signatures.
  • The free surface effect was identified as the crucial factor in generating GIUM images.
  • GIUM was found to visualize features only up to a depth comparable to the average grain size.

Conclusions:

  • The study validates the principles of GIUM through simulations.
  • The free surface effect is paramount for GIUM image formation.
  • GIUM's effective penetration depth is limited by the material's grain size.