Recycling salmon meat by decontamination under mild conditions using high-pressure carbon dioxide

The 2011-2016 reports from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has stated that annual food loss and waste occurs on a massive scale in fisheries and aquaculture. This study aimed to explore advanced technologies to recycle wasted salmon as an industrial resource with high commercial value by applying enzymatic hydrolysis under HPCD. Our results showed that HPCD treatment at 50 °C and 1 MPa for 16 h effectively prevents salmon from microbial contamination. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that HPCD was also able to inhibit an increase in bacteria at moderate temperatures. Based on NGS analysis, there was a very low abundance of Bacillus and some histamine producers, such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella, detected in samples treated using HPCD at 50 °C and 1 MPa for 16 h. Hydrolysate analysis showed that HPCD treatment at 1 MPa did not affect the hydrolysates from salmon. It is anticipated that the results from this study will support the application of HPCD in industrial enzymatic hydrolysis and increase the sustainability of bio-based materials.