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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools

Published on: June 20, 2020

Demographic and functional differences among social security disability claimants.

Molly Marino^1,2, Pengsheng Ni³, Lewis Kazis³

¹Department of Health Law, Policy, & Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. memarino@bu.edu.

Quality of Life Research : an International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation

|February 21, 2021

Summary

Differential item functioning (DIF) was identified in the Work Disability Functional Assessment Battery 2.0 (WD-FAB 2.0) across sociodemographic factors. After controlling for DIF, true differences in work disability function were observed by gender, age, and education.

Keywords:

Differential item functioning Functional assessment Psychometrics Work disability

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Area of Science:

Psychometrics
Disability assessment
Health services research

Background:

Sociodemographic characteristics can influence self-reported health measures.
Differential item functioning (DIF) occurs when population characteristics affect item endorsement probability on scales.
The Work Disability Functional Assessment Battery 2.0 (WD-FAB 2.0) is an Item Response Theory (IRT)-based measure of work-related activity limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify DIF in WD-FAB 2.0 items based on sociodemographic factors.
To assess true differences in functional limitations across these groups after controlling for DIF.

Main Methods:

Utilized two samples: 3793 SSA disability claimants and 2100 working-age adults.
Applied a two-step IRT-based DIF analysis for age, gender, and race/ethnicity.
Calculated weighted absolute differences in item characteristic curves and used T-tests for score comparisons.

Main Results:

Seventeen WD-FAB 2.0 items exhibited DIF.
Men reported higher physical and mental function than women.
Older individuals reported lower physical but higher mental function; lower education correlated with lower mental function.

Conclusions:

DIF significantly impacts function measurement and psychometric assessment.
Diverse samples are crucial for conducting robust DIF analyses.
WD-FAB 2.0 scores, after DIF adjustment, provide less biased measures of function across gender, race/ethnicity, and age.