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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Overcoming biological barriers to improve solid tumor immunotherapy.

Anvay Ukidve1,2, Katharina Cu1,2, Ninad Kumbhojkar1,2

  • 1John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.

Drug Delivery and Translational Research
|February 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Developing effective cancer immunotherapy requires overcoming biological barriers that limit drug delivery into solid tumors. This review outlines strategies to enhance immunotherapeutic potency and delivery for improved cancer treatment.

Keywords:
Adoptive cell transferBiomaterialsImmune modulationImmunotherapyNanoparticlesSolid tumor

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Cancer immunotherapy has advanced significantly, offering new treatments for various tumor types.
  • Translating immunotherapeutics into clinical practice is challenged by inefficient delivery to solid tumors.
  • Understanding tumor-specific biological barriers is crucial for effective immunotherapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current strategies for overcoming biological barriers in solid tumor immunotherapy.
  • To enhance the understanding of mechanisms governing immunotherapeutic delivery and immune modulation within tumors.
  • To provide a framework for developing improved solid tumor immunotherapy technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on tumor biological barriers and immunotherapeutic delivery.
  • Analysis of in vitro techniques for studying transport processes in tumors.
  • Synthesis of current delivery strategies aimed at enhancing immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key biological barriers hindering intravascular immunotherapeutic delivery into solid tumors.
  • Overview of in vitro methods used to study transport dynamics relevant to tumor delivery.
  • Compilation of diverse delivery strategies designed to surmount these barriers.

Conclusions:

  • Overcoming biological barriers is essential for successful solid tumor immunotherapy.
  • Rational development of novel delivery technologies can significantly improve immunotherapeutic outcomes.
  • This review offers a comprehensive guide for advancing solid tumor immunotherapy.