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Plant responses to real and simulated microgravity.

Malarvizhi Sathasivam1, Ravikumar Hosamani1, Basavalingayya K Swamy1

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Plant biology research in microgravity advances our understanding of plant responses. This review covers plant phenotypic, physiological, and molecular adaptations to microgravity for space exploration.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Space biology
  • Gravitational biology

Background:

  • Plant biology experiments in microgravity have advanced understanding of plant physiology and behavior.
  • Knowledge from these studies has enabled successful cultivation of crops like lettuce on the International Space Station (ISS).
  • Sustainable bio-regenerative life support systems (BLSS) are crucial for long-duration space missions, requiring further research on plant cultivation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review plant biology microgravity research findings.
  • To discuss phenotypic, physiological, biochemical, cell cycle, cell wall, and molecular responses of plants to microgravity.
  • To identify critical research gaps for utilizing plants in space exploration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on plant biology experiments in real and simulated microgravity.
  • Analysis of phenotypic, physiological, biochemical, cell cycle, cell wall, and molecular data.
  • Synthesis of current findings and identification of future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Plant perception, stimulus translation, and response/adaptation mechanisms to microgravity are documented.
  • Microgravity affects plant physiology, cellular processes, and molecular pathways.
  • Successful cultivation of crops in space demonstrates practical applications of plant biology research.

Conclusions:

  • Continued review of plant microgravity research is essential for advancing space exploration.
  • Filling research gaps is critical for developing sustainable bio-regenerative life support systems.
  • Understanding plant responses to microgravity is key for food production and life support in space.