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Selenium (Se) is vital for brain function, requiring transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This review explores Se transport mechanisms and its role in brain health and the gut-brain axis.

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LRP8blood–brain barrierblood–cerebrospinal fluid barrierbrain-gut axislow molecular weight selenium speciesseleniumselenium transportselenoprotein P

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element crucial for mammalian antioxidant defense, fertility, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune function.
  • Emerging research highlights the significant role of selenium and selenoproteins in brain function and the central nervous system (CNS).
  • Effective concentrations of selenium in the CNS are necessary for its physiological roles, necessitating transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of selenium transport into the brain.
  • To discuss the involvement of selenium and selenoproteins in the BBB, BCB, and neurovascular unit (NVU).
  • To outline future research directions concerning selenium's role in the gut-brain axis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on selenium transport pathways into the CNS.
  • Analysis of the selenoprotein P/low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8) dependent pathway.
  • Examination of supplementary transport routes for low molecular weight selenium species.

Main Results:

  • The primary pathway for selenium entry into the brain involves selenoprotein P and its receptor LRP8.
  • Alternative routes for selenium transport via low molecular weight species also contribute to brain selenium levels.
  • Selenium and selenoproteins may play roles in maintaining the integrity and function of the BBB, BCB, and NVU.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding selenium transport across the BBB is critical for ensuring adequate brain selenium status.
  • Further investigation into the neuroprotective roles of selenium and selenoproteins is warranted.
  • Exploring the gut-brain axis connection offers new perspectives on selenium's influence on neurological health.