Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 16, 2025
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
Published on: May 16, 2025
Computer-Assisted Secondary Orbital Reconstruction
Daman D Singh1, Lara Schorn1, E Bradley Strong2
1Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
Study Design:
This study presents a case-control study of 33 patients who underwent secondary orbital reconstruction, evaluating techniques and outcome.
Objective:
Adequate functional and aesthetical appearance are main goals for secondary orbital reconstruction. Insufficient premorbid orbital reconstruction can result in hypoglobus, enophthalmos, and diplopia. Computer-assisted surgery and the use of patient-specific implants (PSIs) is widely described in the literature. The authors evaluate the use of selective laser-melted PSIs and hypothesize that PSIs are an excellent option for secondary orbital reconstruction.
Methods:
The sample was composed of 33 patients, previously treated with primary orbital reconstruction, presenting themselves with indications for secondary reconstruction (i.e. enophthalmos, diplopia, or limited eye motility). Computed tomography and/or cone beam data sets were assessed before and after secondary reconstruction comparing intraorbital volumes, infraorbital angles, and clinical symptoms. Clinical outcomes were assessed using a standardized protocol.
Results:
Results show a significant change in intraorbital volumes and a reduction of clinical symptoms after secondary reconstruction.
Conclusions:
Outcomes of this study suggest that secondary orbital reconstruction can be performed routinely using selective laser-melted PSIs and titanium spacers.
