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Related Concept Videos

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Proton Pump Inhibitors01:13

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Proton Pump Inhibitors

664
Peptic ulcers, often induced by H. pylori infections or NSAID usage, arise from disruptions in the delicate balance of gastric acid production. Peptic ulcers stem from heightened gastric acid levels due to H. pylori infections or NSAID use. The protective mucus layer diminishes in the presence of these factors, allowing gastric acid to erode the stomach lining and form ulcers.
Gastric acid, a potent cocktail of hydrogen and chloride ions, is produced in specialized parietal cells within the...
664
Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Antacids01:31

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Antacids

506
In the complex environment of the gastric lumen, excessive acid secretion can lead to the formation or worsening of ulcers within the delicate mucosal layer. Antacids, such as sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate, provide relief by neutralizing this acid, transforming it into harmless salt and water. This neutralization process raises the gastric pH from a highly acidic level of 1 to a more basic 3-4, reducing the acidity within the stomach.
However, this neutralization reaction between...
506
Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists01:28

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists

709
Histamine H2 receptors, which are intricately located on the basolateral membrane of parietal cells, play a crucial role in modulating gastric acid secretion. When released from enterochromaffin-like cells, histamine engages H2 receptors, initiating the cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway. In this pathway, adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cAMP, elevating intracellular cAMP levels. The activation of protein kinase A follows, stimulating the proton pump. This stimulation prompts the secretion of hydrogen...
709
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

459
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
459
Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management01:26

Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management

231
Medical treatment strategies for peptic ulcers encompass various methods. The primary goal of treatment is to diminish gastric acidity and strengthen mucosal defense mechanisms.
The therapeutic approach involves ensuring adequate rest, implementing drug therapy, promoting smoking cessation, making dietary modifications, and emphasizing long-term follow-up care.
Pharmacological management
The prevailing therapy for peptic ulcers involves a combination of managing the patient's current...
231
Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors01:22

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors

886
Peptic ulcers are sores on the stomach's inner lining and the upper small intestine, which are the result of disruptions in the mucosal layer that houses parietal cells which produce gastric acid, and chief cells which secrete pepsinogen.
In the antrum region, G cells secrete the gastrin hormone that binds to gastrin-cholecystokinin-B (CCK2) receptors on parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the fundic glands. Simultaneously, the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, which binds...
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Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
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Adverse Effects Associated with Proton Pump Inhibitor Use.

Marcel Yibirin1, Diana De Oliveira2, Roberto Valera3

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.

Cureus
|February 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are effective for acid-related disorders but long-term use may increase risks for kidney, liver, and cardiovascular diseases. This review examines PPI safety and overuse concerns.

Keywords:
adverse effectsproton pump inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) revolutionized gastric acid disorder management since 1989.
  • Their efficacy in treating ulcers and H. pylori led to widespread prescription.
  • Emerging evidence suggests potential long-term adverse effects from PPI use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between proton pump inhibitor use and serious adverse effects.
  • To address growing concerns regarding the overuse of PPIs in the general population.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on PPIs and adverse events.
  • Analysis of studies investigating correlations between PPI use and health risks.
  • Evaluation of safety profiles and clinical indications for PPIs.

Main Results:

  • PPIs are linked to potential increased risks of kidney, liver, cardiovascular diseases, and dementia.
  • Concerns exist regarding susceptibility to infections and impaired nutrient absorption with long-term PPI use.
  • Current evidence does not establish strong correlations but warrants further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • The safety profile of proton pump inhibitors requires ongoing evaluation.
  • Reconsideration of PPI clinical indications is necessary due to emerging adverse effect data.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the long-term risks associated with PPI therapy.