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Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling
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Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Published on: July 26, 2017

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Toll-Like Receptors Regulate the Development and Progression of Renal Diseases

Minghui Liu1, Ke Zen1,2

  • 1School of Life Science and Technology, Chinese Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.

Kidney Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 22, 2021
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial in kidney disease development. This review explores TLR roles in glomerulonephritis and discusses potential therapeutic strategies for renal diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nephrology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key mediators in renal disease pathogenesis, responding to microbial and endogenous ligands.
  • TLRs are a conserved family with multiple members (11 in humans, 13 in mice) involved in various kidney conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of toll-like receptor involvement in diverse forms of glomerulonephritis.
  • To explore potential therapeutic and preventive strategies for kidney diseases targeting TLR signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advancements in TLR research related to renal diseases.
  • Analysis of TLR signaling pathways activated by exogenous and endogenous ligands, including microRNAs.

Main Results:

  • TLR2 and TLR4 signaling exacerbate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and diabetic nephropathy.
  • Intracellular TLR7/8 and TLR9 activation by host nucleic acids contribute to systemic lupus erythematosus and potentially other renal diseases.
  • MicroRNAs acting as TLR7/8 ligands can initiate inflammation and contribute to renal dysfunction, even when released from other injured organs.

Conclusions:

  • TLRs play a significant role in the progression of various glomerulonephritis types.
  • Targeting TLR signaling presents a promising avenue for developing novel therapeutic strategies for kidney diseases.
Keywords:
Renal diseasesToll-like receptors

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