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Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 patients with or without diabetes mellitus

Temidayo Abe1, Obiora Egbuche2, Joseph Igwe1

  • 1Internal Medicine Residency Program, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
|February 22, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) face significantly higher risks of severe cardiovascular complications from COVID-19. This study highlights increased odds of heart failure and other cardiac events in diabetic individuals infected with the virus.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents a global health crisis.
  • Preliminary data suggest worse outcomes for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).
  • The specific magnitude of cardiovascular complications in diabetic COVID-19 patients remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the cardiovascular (CV) complications in diabetic patients with COVID-19.
  • To compare the incidence of specific CV outcomes between diabetic and non-diabetic COVID-19 patients.
  • To determine the adjusted odds of CV events in diabetic COVID-19 patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 142 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 was analyzed.
  • 71 patients (50%) had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM).
  • Multivariate logistic regression was used to compare outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, and glycemic control.

Main Results:

  • Diabetic patients exhibited significantly higher unadjusted rates for composite cardiovascular endpoints (73.2% vs. 40.6%), acute myocarditis (36.6% vs. 15.5%), acute heart failure (25.3% vs. 5.6%), acute myocardial infarction (9.9% vs. 1.4%), and new-onset atrial fibrillation (12.7% vs. 1.4%).
  • After adjusting for confounding variables, DM patients had increased odds of composite cardiovascular endpoint, acute heart failure, and new-onset atrial fibrillation.
  • Mean age of the cohort was 58 years.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes mellitus is associated with a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular complications following COVID-19 infection.
  • Diabetic patients with COVID-19 are more likely to experience adverse cardiac events, including heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
  • These findings underscore the importance of close cardiovascular monitoring in diabetic individuals diagnosed with COVID-19.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19cardiovascular complicationsdiabetes mellitus

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