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Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Design and Development of Aptamer&#8211;Gold Nanoparticle Based Colorimetric Assays for In-the-field Applications
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Aptasensor for paraquat detection by gold nanoparticle colorimetric method.

Chakpetch Kuitio1, Supaporn Klangprapan1, Netnapa Chingkitti2

  • 1Genetic Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand.

Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part. B, Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes
|February 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A novel aptasensor for paraquat detection was developed using gold nanoparticles and a specific aptamer. This colorimetric method offers rapid, cost-effective, and on-site detection of herbicide residue.

Keywords:
AptamerSELEX processcapillary electrophoresisherbicidequartz crystal microbalance

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biosensors
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Paraquat is a widely used herbicide, necessitating reliable detection methods.
  • Existing detection techniques may lack sensitivity, speed, or on-site applicability.
  • Aptasensors offer a promising alternative for sensitive and specific analyte detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel aptasensor for the detection of paraquat.
  • To utilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a selected aptamer for paraquat identification.
  • To establish a rapid, cost-effective, and visually detectable method for paraquat residue analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) process coupled with capillary electrophoresis for aptamer selection.
  • Asymmetric PCR amplification of aptamer candidates.
  • Screening of aptamers using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and observing color changes (red to purple) due to aptamer-target interaction and AuNP aggregation.
  • Detection limit determination using colorimetry and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) techniques.
  • Specificity testing against potential interfering compounds.

Main Results:

  • A highly specific aptamer (77F) for paraquat was identified.
  • The aptasensor achieved a detection limit of 0.267 µg/mL via colorimetry and 1.573 µg/mL via QCM.
  • The colorimetric method demonstrated high specificity for paraquat, with minimal cross-reactivity observed.
  • The aptasensor based on QCM is a novel approach for paraquat detection.

Conclusions:

  • The developed aptasensor, particularly the colorimetric version, is a rapid, low-cost, and user-friendly tool for on-site paraquat detection.
  • The aptamer 77F exhibits high specificity and sensitivity for paraquat.
  • This study presents a significant advancement in the development of sensitive and practical methods for herbicide residue monitoring.