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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...

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Updated: Nov 16, 2025

An Ex Vivo Tissue Culture Model for Fibrovascular Complications in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

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Molecular Targets for Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy.

Frances Wu¹, Dean Eliott¹

¹Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Seminars in Ophthalmology

|February 22, 2021

Summary

Recurrent retinal detachment (RD) due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) limits surgical success. This review explores promising pharmacologic therapies targeting inflammation and proliferation to treat PVR, emphasizing recent clinical findings.

Keywords:

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy epithelial to mesenchymal transition methotrexate retinal detachment vitrectomy

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Quantification of Vascular Parameters in Whole Mount Retinas of Mice with Non-Proliferative and Proliferative Retinopathies

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Published on: March 12, 2022

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Retinal Surgery
Pharmacology

Background:

Surgical innovations have improved outcomes for retinal detachment (RD) with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).
Recurrent RD caused by PVR remains a significant challenge, with no current effective medical treatments.
Understanding PVR pathophysiology and risk factors is guiding the search for molecular targets.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current landscape of pharmacologic therapies for proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).
To highlight recent clinical investigations into drugs targeting inflammation, proliferation, and growth factors for PVR treatment.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent clinical investigations.
Analysis of pharmacologic approaches targeting PVR pathophysiology.
Emphasis on drug candidates counteracting inflammation, proliferation, and growth factors.

Main Results:

Several drug classes are under investigation for PVR treatment.
Recent clinical trials are exploring the efficacy of these targeted therapies.
No definitive medical therapies are currently proven effective for PVR in humans.

Conclusions:

The search for effective pharmacologic treatments for PVR is ongoing.
Targeting key molecular pathways like inflammation and proliferation shows promise.
Further clinical investigations are crucial to establish effective medical therapies for PVR.