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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
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Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase,...
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Perspectives on Neuroscience
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COVID-19 and neurology perspective.

Shivani Singh1, Ashok Kumar Ahirwar2, Priyanka Asia2

  • 1All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation
|February 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a global pandemic with severe health impacts. This review examines its immunopathology, neurological effects, and potential treatments.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2neurologyneuropathology

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, rapidly became a global pandemic.
  • The virus presents with a wide range of symptoms, from asymptomatic to severe ARDS.
  • Individuals with comorbidities are at higher risk, and there is currently no approved vaccine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immunopathology of COVID-19.
  • To explore the effects of COVID-19 on neurological disorders.
  • To detail neurological manifestations and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of immunopathological mechanisms.
  • Compilation of data on neurological symptoms and treatments.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 triggers a complex immune response with significant implications for the nervous system.
  • Neurological manifestations include anosmia, headache, and can be linked to severe outcomes.
  • Understanding immunopathology is crucial for managing neurological complications.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19's impact extends beyond respiratory symptoms, significantly affecting neurological health.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand and treat COVID-19-related neurological disorders.
  • Public health measures like social distancing and lifestyle choices remain vital for protection.