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The regulation of cyclin D promoters - review

Jan Pawlonka1, Beata Rak2, Urszula Ambroziak1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw.

Cancer Treatment and Research Communications
|February 22, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Cyclins D regulate cell cycle progression and survival. This review details how their promoters are controlled by signaling pathways and transcription factors, impacting cell growth and tumorigenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cyclins are crucial for cell cycle progression and survival.
  • Cyclins D (D1, D2, D3) mediate mitogenic signals to the cell cycle machinery.
  • Dysregulation of cyclin expression is linked to developmental issues, abnormal growth, and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory mechanisms of cyclin D promoters.
  • To identify key transcriptional factors, co-activators, and adaptor proteins involved in cyclin D activation.
  • To explore the role of intracellular signaling pathways in regulating cyclin D expression and their tissue-specific representation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current knowledge on cyclin D regulation.
  • Analysis of transcriptional regulation by key transcription factor families.
  • Examination of intracellular signaling pathways influencing cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.

Main Results:

  • Cyclin D promoters are regulated by a complex interplay of transcription factors, co-activators, and signaling pathways.
  • Key transcription factor families, including activator protein 1 (AP1), nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and Sp/NF-Y, play vital roles.
  • Tissue-specific expression patterns of cyclins D are influenced by these regulatory networks.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding cyclin D promoter regulation is critical for comprehending cell cycle control.
  • Aberrant cyclin D expression, driven by dysregulated signaling and transcription factors, contributes to tumorigenesis.
  • Targeting these regulatory pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies for cancers driven by cyclin D dysregulation.
Keywords:
Cell cycle controlCyclin DDifferentiationPromoterTranscription factor

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