COVID-19 and cardiovascular complications: an update from the underlying mechanism to consequences and possible...

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus, is linked to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and significant global mortality.
• Clinical observations reveal frequent cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 patients, extending beyond respiratory distress.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiovascular pathogenesis in COVID-19.
• To discuss the prevalence and association of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with COVID-19.
• To review available therapeutic modalities for managing cardiovascular complications.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of clinical reports and existing literature on COVID-19 and cardiovascular complications.
• Discussion of proposed molecular and immunological mechanisms.
• Review of current and potential treatment strategies.

Main Results:

• COVID-19 infection can trigger cytokine storms and immune responses leading to myocardial damage.
• Cardiovascular complications are prevalent and associated with various mechanisms including direct viral effects and inflammation.
• Therapeutic strategies require careful consideration of risk-benefit ratios and regular monitoring of cardiac biomarkers.

Conclusions:

• Regular monitoring of cardiac injury biomarkers is essential for COVID-19 patients.
• Well-designed clinical trials comparing anti-COVID-19 drugs with cardioprotective agents are needed.
• While vaccines are optimal, preventive measures like sanitization and social distancing remain vital.