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Campylobacter Virulence Factors and Molecular Host-Pathogen Interactions.
Nicole Tegtmeyer1, Irshad Sharafutdinov1, Aileen Harrer1
1Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|February 23, 2021
Summary
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli cause significant human gastroenteritis from poultry. This review details their virulence factors and host interactions driving infection.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Food Safety
Background:
- Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are leading causes of bacterial gastroenteritis globally.
- Poultry is a primary reservoir for these bacteria, posing a significant foodborne illness risk.
- Campylobacter infections result in substantial annual economic costs worldwide.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the virulence factors of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli.
- To elucidate the mechanisms by which these bacteria cause human gastroenteritis.
- To detail the interactions between bacterial virulence factors and host cells.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of Campylobacter virulence factors and pathogenicity.
- Analysis of bacterial determinants such as flagella, adhesins, toxins, and lipooligosaccharides.
- Examination of host-pathogen interactions during infection.
Main Results:
- Identified key virulence factors including flagellum, cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), lipooligosaccharide (LOS), and serine protease HtrA.
- Described bacterial strategies for colonization: chemotaxis, motility, attachment, invasion, and survival.
- Highlighted the critical role of host-pathogen interactions in disease progression.
Conclusions:
- Campylobacter virulence factors are essential for bacterial pathogenesis and disease development.
- Understanding these factors and host interactions is crucial for developing effective control strategies.
- Further research into host cell factors involved in Campylobacter infection is warranted.
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