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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Breathing

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma

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Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique

Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique

Published on: May 15, 2013

Small-airway dysfunction in paediatric asthma.

Marcello Cottini¹, Carlo Lombardi², Alvise Berti^3,4

¹Allergy and Pneumology Outpatient Clinic, Bergamo.

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|February 23, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Small airway dysfunction is increasingly recognized in childhood asthma, impacting disease persistence and severity. New noninvasive techniques like impulse oscillometry can aid early detection and guide treatment in children.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique

Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique

Published on: May 15, 2013

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

Published on: May 14, 2012

Assessment of Respiratory Function in Conscious Mice by Double-chamber Plethysmography

Assessment of Respiratory Function in Conscious Mice by Double-chamber Plethysmography

Published on: July 10, 2018

Area of Science:

Pediatric Pulmonology
Respiratory Medicine
Asthma Pathogenesis

Background:

Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disorder affecting the entire bronchial tree.
Ventilation heterogeneity and small airway dysfunction are key factors in asthma, particularly persistent forms.
Peripheral airway impairment in pediatric asthma is understudied due to limited noninvasive evaluation methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current evidence on small airway dysfunction in pediatric asthma.
To explore the role of novel diagnostic techniques in assessing peripheral airway impairment in children.
To understand how early detection of small airway dysfunction can guide asthma management.

Main Methods:

Review of recent scientific literature on pediatric asthma and small airway disease.
Analysis of emerging evidence on ventilation heterogeneity and lung function.
Focus on noninvasive techniques like impulse oscillometry and multiple breath washout.

Main Results:

Small airway dysfunction is evident early in childhood-onset asthma.
Spirometry is insensitive to early small airway changes.
Advanced techniques reveal small airway dysfunction as a risk factor for asthma persistence, severity, and long-term lung function decline.

Conclusions:

Small airway impairment plays a significant role in pediatric asthma development and control.
Impulse oscillometry and multiple breath washout offer potential for early detection of small airway dysfunction in children.
These techniques may guide personalized asthma treatment strategies for improved outcomes.