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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Olfaction01:25

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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The Effect of Functional Nasal Surgery on Olfactory Function.

Miles J Pfaff1, Anthony A Bertrand1, Kelsey J Lipman1

  • 1From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; and New York University School of Medicine.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|February 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional and aesthetic nasal surgeries, including septoplasty, septorhinoplasty, and rhinoplasty, significantly improve sense of smell (olfaction). This improvement correlates with better nasal airflow and quality of life.

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Otolaryngology
  • Rhinology

Background:

  • Functional and aesthetic nasal operations are common plastic surgery procedures.
  • These surgeries aim to improve both form and function of the nose.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of septoplasty, septorhinoplasty, and rhinoplasty on postoperative olfactory function.
  • To assess the relationship between olfactory function, nasal airflow, and quality of life after these nasal surgeries.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of 25 studies was conducted.
  • Olfactory function, nasal airflow, and quality of life data were analyzed from included studies.
  • Study quality was assessed using Jadad and Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies instruments.

Main Results:

  • Nasal surgeries led to significant improvements in olfaction (p < 0.001), nasal airflow (p < 0.001), and quality of life (p < 0.001).
  • A transient decrease in olfaction was noted immediately post-surgery, followed by improvement.
  • Improved olfaction was directly correlated with enhanced nasal airflow and quality of life.

Conclusions:

  • Functional and aesthetic nasal operations significantly enhance olfactory function.
  • The improvement in olfaction is directly linked to improved nasal airflow.
  • While transient olfactory decline may occur, long-term outcomes show significant improvement.