Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

80.7K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
80.7K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

6.3K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
6.3K
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

2.3K
2.3K
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

6.9K
Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
6.9K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

10.2K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
10.2K
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

8.0K
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
8.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Integrative multi-omics profiling identifies a lactylation-associated, metabolically active, and immunosuppressive subtype of colon adenocarcinoma.

Molecular & cellular oncology·2026
Same author

Genome-wide rotational and translational phasing of nucleosomes with human transcription factors.

Molecular cell·2026
Same author

ScriptManager: a platform for scalable and reproducible high-resolution analysis of genomics datasets.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Directing intermediate phase crystallographic orientation promotes carbon-based CsPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite solar cells to beyond 20% efficiency.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

The association between active cigarette smoking and acute gastrointestinal morbidity in US adults: A NHANES-based cross-sectional analysis.

Medicine·2026
Same author

Radical Synergy Between Initiating and Inhibitor Species Enables Kinetically Controlled Holographic Polymerization.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Investigating Interactions Between Histone Modifying Enzymes and Transcription Factors in vivo by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
11:33

Investigating Interactions Between Histone Modifying Enzymes and Transcription Factors in vivo by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

Published on: October 14, 2022

1.9K

What do Transcription Factors Interact With?

Haining Chen1, B Franklin Pugh1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Journal of Molecular Biology
|February 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Genomic information directs gene expression via transcription factors (TFs), but yeast promoters often lack TF-supporting architecture. Yeast TFs interact with cofactors like SAGA and Mediator, but not TFIID, highlighting gaps in understanding metazoan gene regulation.

Keywords:
enhancersgene regulation modelspromoterstranscription mechanisms

More Related Videos

Single-Molecule Imaging of EWS-FLI1 Condensates Assembling on DNA
07:05

Single-Molecule Imaging of EWS-FLI1 Condensates Assembling on DNA

Published on: September 8, 2021

2.6K
Determination of Tripartite Interaction between Two Monomers of a MADS-box Transcription Factor and a Calcium Sensor Protein by BiFC-FRET-FLIM Assay
14:34

Determination of Tripartite Interaction between Two Monomers of a MADS-box Transcription Factor and a Calcium Sensor Protein by BiFC-FRET-FLIM Assay

Published on: December 25, 2021

4.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Investigating Interactions Between Histone Modifying Enzymes and Transcription Factors in vivo by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
11:33

Investigating Interactions Between Histone Modifying Enzymes and Transcription Factors in vivo by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

Published on: October 14, 2022

1.9K
Single-Molecule Imaging of EWS-FLI1 Condensates Assembling on DNA
07:05

Single-Molecule Imaging of EWS-FLI1 Condensates Assembling on DNA

Published on: September 8, 2021

2.6K
Determination of Tripartite Interaction between Two Monomers of a MADS-box Transcription Factor and a Calcium Sensor Protein by BiFC-FRET-FLIM Assay
14:34

Determination of Tripartite Interaction between Two Monomers of a MADS-box Transcription Factor and a Calcium Sensor Protein by BiFC-FRET-FLIM Assay

Published on: December 25, 2021

4.0K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Genomic and epigenomic information guides gene expression through sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs).
  • Metazoan TFs target promoter accessibility (e.g., SAGA), general transcription factor assembly (e.g., TFIID), and RNA polymerase II recruitment (e.g., Mediator) to form transcription pre-initiation complexes (PICs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss transcription factors (TFs) and their targets in gene expression.
  • To investigate TF function and cofactor interactions in Saccharomyces (yeast) promoters.
  • To compare yeast promoter architecture with metazoan gene regulation mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of TF targets and promoter architecture.
  • Examination of cofactor interactions (SAGA, TFIID, Mediator) in yeast.
  • Contextualization of findings within metazoan gene regulation models.

Main Results:

  • Yeast promoters generally lack the architecture required for robust TF function.
  • Yeast promoters supporting TF binding interact with SAGA and Mediator, but not TFIID.
  • The extent to which metazoan genes require TFs and cofactors remains largely unknown.

Conclusions:

  • Significant differences exist in promoter architecture and TF-cofactor interactions between yeast and metazoans.
  • Current models of TF-mediated gene regulation may not universally apply across all organisms.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise roles of TFs and cofactors in metazoan gene expression.