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Variable flip angle echo planar time-resolved imaging (vFA-EPTI) for fast high-resolution gradient echo myelin water

Zijing Dong1, Fuyixue Wang2, Kwok-Shing Chan3

  • 1Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

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A new fast imaging technique, variable flip angle Echo Planar Time-Resolved Imaging (vFA-EPTI), significantly reduces scan times for myelin water imaging. This allows for accurate in vivo myelin concentration measurement and detailed brain structure visualization.

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Cortical layersFast imagingHigh resolutionMulti-compartmentMyelin water imagingMyeloarchitecture

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Myelin water imaging (MWI) is crucial for assessing myelin concentration in vivo.
  • Current MWI techniques, like multi-compartment relaxometry, suffer from long acquisition times.
  • Gradient-echo MWI (GRE-MWI) offers rich information but is also time-intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a fast imaging technique for GRE-MWI with reduced acquisition time.
  • To enable accurate multi-compartment analysis of myelin concentration.
  • To achieve high-resolution in vivo imaging of brain structures.

Main Methods:

  • Development of variable flip angle Echo Planar Time-Resolved Imaging (vFA-EPTI).
  • Utilized efficient continuous readout, optimized spatiotemporal encoding, and joint subspace reconstruction for 26-fold acceleration.
  • Incorporated an off-resonance field correction method for joint reconstruction across flip angles.

Main Results:

  • vFA-EPTI achieved accurate myelin water fraction (MWF) estimation validated by retrospective and prospective experiments.
  • Whole-brain MWF and quantitative maps acquired in 5 min (1.5 mm) and 24 min (1 mm) at 3T.
  • Ultra-high resolution (600 µm) imaging at 7T revealed cortical structures like the line of Gennari.

Conclusions:

  • vFA-EPTI significantly accelerates GRE-MWI acquisition while maintaining accuracy.
  • The method enables high-resolution, in vivo imaging of myelin and cortical myeloarchitecture.
  • vFA-EPTI is a promising tool for studying neurological conditions and brain development.