Volatile composition and enantioselective analysis of chiral terpenoids in Tokaj varietal wines

The present work compares VOC profiles of 37 Tokaj varietal wines produced from Furmint, Lipovina and Muškát žltý grape varieties determined by SPME-GC-MS. The identified VOCs underwent treatment using one-way ANOVA and PCA for determination of compounds capable to distinguish wines based on grapevine variety. The presence of high concentration of terpenoids was characteristic for Muškát žltý wines, while Furmint and Lipovina expressed quite high similarity, nevertheless Lipovina was characterized by higher relative concentration of 1,1,6-trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphtalene. Enantioselective analysis of the dominant terpenoids (limonene, linalool, hotrienol and α-terpineol) was performed by heartcut-2D-GC: R form was dominant for limonene and linalool and S enantiomer for hotrienol and α-terpineol. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) confirmed R-linalool as the most significant compound responsible for the main differences between studied varietal wines. LDA identified both total linalool and R-linalool as the only significant (p ≤ 0.05) sorting keys to distinguish investigated varietal wines. Both models allow perfect distinguishing of Muškát žltý from Lipovina and Furmint (p ≤ 0.05) with posterior probability of re-identification 100% but low distinction of Lipovina and Furmint from each other. The probability of posterior re-identification of Lipovina raised from 76.9 to 84.6% and total probability from 86.5 to 89.2% when using dominant enantiomer concentration as sorting variable.