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Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Unraveling the Unseen Players in the Ocean - A Field Guide to Water Chemistry and Marine Microbiology

Unraveling the Unseen Players in the Ocean - A Field Guide to Water Chemistry and Marine Microbiology

Published on: November 5, 2014

Virome composition in marine fish revealed by meta-transcriptomics.

Jemma L Geoghegan^1,2,3, Francesca Di Giallonardo⁴, Michelle Wille⁵

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.

Virus Evolution

|February 24, 2021

Summary

Marine fish harbor vast, undescribed viromes. Host phylogeny and environmental factors like temperature shape these viral communities, offering insights into disease evolution.

Keywords:

fish host-jumping metagenomics virome virus evolution

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Purifying the Impure: Sequencing Metagenomes and Metatranscriptomes from Complex Animal-associated Samples

Purifying the Impure: Sequencing Metagenomes and Metatranscriptomes from Complex Animal-associated Samples

Published on: December 22, 2014

Area of Science:

Virology
Ecology
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

Understanding virome composition is key to studying disease emergence and evolution.
Fish, as the most species-rich vertebrates, are ideal models for virome research.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize marine fish viromes and identify novel viruses.
To investigate factors shaping fish virome composition and evolution.

Main Methods:

Total RNA sequencing (meta-transcriptomics) of nineteen wild-caught marine fish species.
Sequence and protein structural homology analyses to identify divergent viruses.
Analysis of viral richness, abundance, and diversity alongside host ecological and biological factors.

Main Results:

Identified twenty-five new vertebrate-associated viruses and twenty-two diet/microbiome-associated viruses.
Discovered the first fish virus in the Matonaviridae family and other novel viruses across multiple families.
Fish viromes are shaped by host phylogeny (taxonomic order), water temperature, habitat depth, community diversity, and swimming behavior.

Conclusions:

Marine fish possess large and complex viromes, with most currently undescribed.
Host-specific factors predominantly influence vertebrate-associated fish viromes, distinct from non-host-associated viruses.
This study provides a foundation for understanding fish virus ecology and evolution.