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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Nucleoid01:24

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The nucleoid represents a structurally and functionally distinct region within prokaryotic cells, where the cell's DNA and associated proteins are housed. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus, and the nucleoid facilitates the organization and accessibility of the genetic material within this constraint. The DNA in most bacteria and archaea exists as a single, circular, double-stranded molecule that is highly compacted through supercoiling and interactions with...
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Histone Modification02:32

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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Prokaryotic DNA methylation and its functional roles.

Hoon Je Seong1, Sang-Wook Han2, Woo Jun Sul3

  • 1Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Microbiology (Seoul, Korea)
|February 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

DNA methylation is a key epigenetic regulator in prokaryotes, controlling essential cellular processes like gene expression and defense. Recent sequencing advances enable genome-wide studies of this vital prokaryotic mechanism.

Keywords:
DNA methylationDNA methyltransferaseprokaryotic epigeneticsrestriction-modification

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • DNA methylation is a universal epigenetic mechanism across life.
  • In prokaryotes, it's a primary regulator due to the absence of histones and nucleosomes.
  • Prokaryotic DNA methylation's roles are less understood than eukaryotic counterparts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cellular events regulated by DNA methylation in prokaryotes.
  • To highlight the importance of DNA methylation in prokaryotic gene expression, cell cycle, and virulence.
  • To discuss recent advances in studying prokaryotic epigenetics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on prokaryotic DNA methylation.
  • Analysis of recent sequencing techniques for detecting methylation signals.
  • Characterization of genome-wide epigenetic regulation in prokaryotes.

Main Results:

  • DNA methylation regulates host defense, cell cycle, gene expression, and virulence in prokaryotes.
  • Recent sequencing technologies facilitate comprehensive studies of prokaryotic epigenome.
  • Prokaryotic DNA methylation is crucial for environmental responses.

Conclusions:

  • DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic regulator in prokaryotes with diverse cellular functions.
  • Advances in sequencing are revolutionizing the study of prokaryotic epigenetic regulation.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and applications of prokaryotic DNA methylation.