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Innate immune evasion mediated by picornaviral 3C protease: Possible lessons for coronaviral 3C-like protease?

Chen Seng Ng1,2, Christopher C Stobart3, Honglin Luo1,2

  • 1Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Reviews in Medical Virology
|February 24, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a global health crisis.
  • The SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro) is crucial for viral replication and a key drug target.
  • Host interactions and cellular substrates of 3CLpro are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare viral immune evasion mechanisms of coronaviruses and picornaviruses.
  • To focus on the role of 3C-like protease (3CLpro) and 3C protease (3Cpro) in immune evasion.
  • To identify conserved mechanisms between 3CLpro and 3Cpro.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and comparative analysis of viral proteases.
  • Examination of innate immune surveillance evasion strategies.
  • Discussion of antiviral development targeting viral proteases.

Main Results:

  • Picornaviruses and coronaviruses utilize proteases to evade host immunity.
  • 3Cpro plays a significant role in picornavirus immune evasion.
  • Shared and conserved mechanisms between 3CLpro and 3Cpro are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding conserved protease functions can inform antiviral strategies.
  • Targeting conserved protease mechanisms may lead to broad-spectrum antivirals.
  • Further research into 3CLpro-host interactions is warranted.
Keywords:
3CLpro3CproCovid-19SARS-CoV-2picornaviruses

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